Terminology

List of Terms

The following is a list of terms used within the IP4G offering.

• Active Node Halt Policy (ANHP) When a cluster split occurs, this policy ensures that only one node is operating. It stops a previously active LPAR hosting an application. Then, makes sure the LPAR has quieted, before the application is brought online again with a standby LPAR.
• Affinity Policy IP4G policy used to determine if two IP4G Virtual Machines can exist on the same host. Can also be created to determine if the storage of two virtual machines can exist on the same Storage Area Network (SAN).
• AIX Acronym. Stands for Advanced Interactive eXecutive. A UNIX based operating system from IBM.
• Amazon Web Services (AWS) A service from Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computer platforms and Application Programming Interfaces (API).
• ANHP Acronym. Stands for Active Node Halt Policy. When a cluster split occurs, this policy ensures that only one node is operating. It stops a previously active LPAR hosting an application. Then, makes sure the LPAR has quieted, before the application is brought online again with a standby LPAR.
• API Acronym. Stands for Application Programming Interface. A type of software interface. It allows two or more programs to communicate using a set of definitions and protocols.
• Application Programming Interface (API) A type of software interface. It allows two or more programs to communicate using a set of definitions and protocols.
• Asynchronous When two or more events or objects do not exist or happen simultaneously. Especially when a specific operation begins after the preceding operation ends.
• AWS Acronym. Stands for Amazon Web Services. A service from Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computer platforms and Application Programming Interfaces (API).
• Backup, Recovery, and Media Services (BRMS) Backup and recovery software from IBM. Provides an orderly way to retrieve lost or damaged data.
• Boot Image A boot image is a disk image. Specifically, a disk image that allows the associated hardware to boot.
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) First introduced in 1993. It is a method for allocating IP address and for IP routing.
• CLI Acronym. Stands for Command Line Interface. A text-based user interface for a program or computer.
• Command Line Interface (CLI) A text-based user interface for a program or computer.
• Console A program that runs in a command prompt window. A user can input commands and view the output, such as results or status messages.
• Converge Technologies Converge is a Software-Enabled IT & Cloud Solutions Provider Focused on Delivering Industry-Leading Solutions and Services. In the Google Marketplace specifically, Converge is the provider the provider of IBM Power Server hardware.
• DB2 IBM product. A hybrid relational and XML data server.
• Dedicated Service Tools (DST) Service functions that are only available from the console. Can run both when the operating system is available or unavailable.
• Disaster Recovery (D/R) or (DR) The method of regaining access and functionality of IT infrastructure after a disaster.
• (D/R) or (DR) Acronym. Stands for Disaster Recovery.
• Electronic Service Agent (ESA) A monitoring tool that proactively reports both hardware and software events. They are reported as soon as they are detected.
• Entitled Software Support (ESS) Support for software where the software is covered by a valid Software Maintenance Agreement (SWMA).
• EoSPS Acronym. Stands for End of Service Pack Support. That is the end of the maintenance period for a service pack or technology level.
• FlashCopy FlashCopy is a function available for use in IBM’s storage systems. It can create copies which are immediately available for use.
• FTP Acronym. Stands for File Transfer Protocol. A network protocol for transmitting files over Transmission control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
• Geographic Logical Volume Manager (GLVM) A software-based mirroring method. Allows for mirroring of data in real-time over unlimited geographic distance.
• Geographic Mirroring Abbreviated as Geomirroring. A method of logical mirroring, with a stored, consistent backup copy. That copy is typically kept at a different location, separated by geography.
• Geomirroring Abbreviation. Shortened form of Geographic Mirroring. A method of logical mirroring, with a stored, consistent backup copy. That copy is typically kept at a different location, separated by geography.
• Google Cloud Organization The organization resource is the root node in the Google Cloud resource hierarchy and is the hierarchical super node of projects. For more information about how to acquire and manage an organization resource, see: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-organization
• Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Google’s public cloud services. Customers are able to use resources housed in Google’s data centers.
• Google Cloud Project Mechanism in Google Cloud to organize all GCP resources. For more information, see: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/projects
• Google Direct Interconnect A direct physical connection between an on-premises network and Google’s network.
• Google Cloud Storage (GCS) A service for storing objects in Google Cloud.
• GUI Acronym. Stands for Graphic User Interface. A method for users to interact with a system using icons and representations for files and applications.
• HADR Acronym. Stands for High Availability Disaster Recovery. A method of providing disaster recovery with small to no loss of function for IT infrastructure.
• Hardware Management Console (HMC) A console used to manage hardware. They typically provide a Graphic User Interface (GUI) and a Command Line Interface (CLI) for configuring and operating multiple managed systems.
• High Availability (HA) Systems with High Availability operate continuously and are always available. In those systems, steps have been taken to avoid
• HMC Acronym. Stands for Hardware Management Console. A console used to manage hardware. They typically provide a Graphic User Interface (GUI) and a Command Line Interface (CLI) for configuring and operating multiple managed systems.
• Host Physical hardware executing virtual machines.
• HTTP Acronym. Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A set of rules for transferring files. It is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
• I/O Acronym. Stands for Input/Output. Refers to the operation of putting something in and getting something out in return. For example, a system receiving a command, and sending a signal in response to that command.
• I/O processor (IOP) A processor that specifically handles Input/Output tasks.
• IaaS Abbreviation. Stands for Infrastructure as a Service. A type of cloud computing where compute and storage resources are kept in the cloud.
• IBM Cloud Storage Solutions for i (ICC) An IBM product. It allows clients to store data to the cloud for archiving, file sharing, and backup recovery.
• IBM i An operating system developed by IBM for use on IBM Power systems.
• IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) A Java based, platform independent, interface. It will run on most operating systems that support Java.
• IBM Spectrum Protect An IBM product. It provides scalable data protection. That production can cover physical file servers, applications, and virtual environments. Previously known as IBM TSM.
• Image In computing it is a copy of the entire contents of a storage device. It represents a precise copy of the original, including data and organization.
• Initial Program Load (IPL) The first initial step of loading an operating system on a computer. For example, loading the operating system of a mainframe into its main memory.
• IP4G Abbreviation. Stands for IBM Power for Google Cloud.
• IP4G VM Service Container for all included IP4G Virtual Machine instances within a Google Geographic Region.
• IPL Acronym. Stands for Initial Program Load. The first initial step of loading an operating system on a computer. For example, loading the operating system of a mainframe into its main memory.
• Journaled File System (JFS) A journaling file system created by IBM. With JFS, changes to files are recorded in a separate log, the journal. This record is committed before the indexes to the file are updated.
• Journaled File System 2 (JFS2) A journaling file system created by IBM. Refers specifically to the Enhanced Journaled File System. Created after IBM’s Journaled File System (JFS).
• Jump server A system on a network for accessing and managing devices in a separate security zone.
• Licensed Internal Code (LIC) Specifically, software for POWER6 systems that enable hardware on a system. It initializes the hardware so that the system boots up, operates correctly, and provides an interface.
• Licensed Program Products (LPP) A complete software product that may include one or more filesets as well as packages.
• Linux An operating system. Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system.
• Logical Volume Manager (LVM) A system of managing filesystems or logical volumes.
• LPAR Abbreviation. Stands for Logical Partition. An LPAR is a virtual division of a computer’s resources, enabling that set of resources to act independently. Sometimes used interchangeably with Virtual Machine (VM), however there are subtle differences.
• LVM Acronym. Stands for Logical Volume Manager. A system of managing filesystems or logical volumes.
• Main storage dump (MSD) A process of collecting data from a system’s main storage.
• mksysb image A file that is a system backup image. Created with the mksysb command.
• N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) A Fibre Channel standard. It makes it possible to create multiple virtual ports on a single physical node port.
• NAT gateway NAT is an acronym. It stands for Network Address Translation. NAT gateway then refers to a service that allows instances in a private subnet to connect to outside services. However, it also prevents external services from initiating a connection to them.
• Network Installation Manager (NIM) An object-oriented system management framework. It installs and manages systems over a network.
• Network Interface Card (NIC) A computer hardware component that connects a system to a network. It then controls data traffic to and from that connected network. Can also refer to Network Interface Controller.
• NFS Acronym. Stands for Network File Server or Network File System. It is a method of storing files on a network. Specifically, one that allows users to access remote files and directories as if they were local to the user.
• NIM Acronym. Stands for Network Installation Management. May also stand for Network Installation Manager. Refers to a server, or the server’s process, of managing the installation of software. A NIM can manage the installation of a base operating system and any optional software. It can do this to one or more machines.
• NPIV Acronym. Stands for N_Port ID Virtualization. A Fibre Channel standard. It makes it possible to create multiple virtual ports on a single physical node port.
• On-premises Refers to resources or devices located at the same physical location. If a business has a physical site, anything located at that site would be considered on-premises.
• Open Virtualization Appliance (OVA) An Open Virtualization Format (OVF) package, in a single file archive. It contains files for distribution of software to run on a virtual machine.
• Open Virtualization Format (OVF) An open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or software, for use in virtual machines.
• pcloud A Command Line Interface (CLI). It is used for creating and managing virtual machines.
• PDU Acronym. Stands for Power Distribution Unit. A device for controlling electrical power. Some resemble basic power strips. Others have additional features, such as surge protection.
• Pip installs Python (pip) Pip is a package management system that manages packages written in Python.
• PowerHA IBM product. Provides clustering technology with both failover protection, through redundancy, and scalability.
• PowerHA SystemMirror IBM product. A storage-based clustering solution using mirroring to prevent hardware and software failures.
• PowerVC IBM product. Software that enables use of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) for IBM Power systems.
• PowerVC Manager IBM Product. Works with PowerVM to provision workloads and manage virtual images.
• PowerVM IBM product. Provides scalable server virtualization for AIX, IBM i, and Linux applications for IBM Power systems.
• Program temporary fix (PTF) A single or multiple groups of fixes for an issue. The PTF is issued so as to be ready to install. When these fix a problem, they become permanent parts of the software they fix.
• PuTTY A terminal emulator application. It can act as a client for computing protocols, including: SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and TCP.
• Reliable Scalable Cluster Technology (RSCT) An IBM product. It is a set of software products that provide a clustering environment for AIX and Linux.
• Resource Optimized High Availability (ROHA) A function in IBM’s PowerHA SystemMirror. It automatically and dynamically manages Dynamic Logical Partition (DLPAR) resources.
• REST API Combined Acronym. REST stands for Representational State Transfer. API stands for Application Programming Interface. Together they refer to a method of allowing two systems to communicate using HTTP protocols.
• S3 Abbreviation. Stands for Simple Storage Service, an object storage service from AWS.
• SAN Acronym. Stands for Storage Area Network. Refers to a network of storage devices that provide a shared pool of storage space.
• Secure Copy Protocol (SCP) A method of transferring files between a local host and a remote host. It is based on SSH.
• Service Packs (SP) Collections of updates, enhancements, and fixes for software. Typically packaged as an individual, installable, bundle.
• Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA) Software for the AIX operating system. With little configuration it can automatically compare updates, fix repositories, and update a system.
• Shared Storage Pools (SSP) A server-based storage virtualization method. It provides distributed storage access to a VIOS for client partitions.
• SMIT Acronym. Stands for System Management Interface Tool. An interactive tool bundled with AIX. It uses standard AIX commands and Korn shell functions. It can accomplish almost any system administration related tasks using a SMIT screen.
• SMT Abbreviation. Stands for Simultaneous multithreading. A processor technology that allows multiple threads to run at the same time on the same processor.
• SSD Acronym. Stands for Solid State Drive. A type of storage device that typically uses flash memory, instead of the spinning disk and movable read-write heads used in hard disk drives.
• SH Abbreviation. Stands for Secure Shell or Secure Socket Shell. A network protocol that provides a secure method of communication through an unsecured network.
• Standard output (STDOUT) A stream of data output, produced by command line programs, which conforms to a standard.
• Storage Area Network (SAN) Refers to a network of storage devices that provide a shared pool of storage space.
• SUMA Acronym. Stands for Service Update Management Assistant. It is software for the AIX operating system. With little configuration it can automatically compare updates, fix repositories, and update a system.
• System reference code (SRC) A set of number and letter characters that represent a message from the system. That message gives information on system trouble, hardware, or software failure, or just a status.
• System Service Tools (SST) Part of the service function. Used on the system while the operating system is running.
• TCP/IP address A method of assigning a value to a network or host. That value can be used to identify the host, allowing users and applications to communicate with it. This method uses Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP.
• Technology Level (TL) The relative level of development present in a software release, such as an operating system.
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) One of the main protocols of the internet protocol suite. Typically used in conjunction with Internet Protocol (IP), as TCP/IP. Provides for reliable, error checked, and orderly delivery of information over an IP network.
• Veeam Veeam Software, an information technology company. They specialize in backup, disaster recovery, and modern data protection.
• VIOS Acronym. Stands for Virtual I/O Server. Software that allows for the sharing of physical I/O resources between client logical partitions within a server.
• Virtual Ethernet Adapter (VEA) Software that operates like a physical network adapter. It allows logical partitions within the same system to communicate without a physical Ethernet adapter.
• Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) A method of isolating the traffic for a select group of devices that share a physical local area network. This separates their traffic from the traffic of other devices on that same network.
• Virtual Machine (VM) Compute Resource using virtualized hardware to execute programs and applications. Multiple Virtual Machines could be executing on a single host system. The term Virtual Machine is similar to Logical Partition.
• Virtual Machine Image (VMI) An executable image file from a virtual machine. It contains a virtual disk with a bootable operating system.
• Virtual Machine Pinning IP4G policy related to the association level between an IP4G Virtual Machine and its Host.
• Virtual Processor (VP) A representation of a physical processor, used by virtual machines.
• Virtual Tape Library (VTL) A virtualization of the data storage method using tape libraries or tape drives. Typically used for backup and recovery purposes.
• VM Instance Individual Virtual Machine (VM) or Logical Partition within a VM Service.
• VM Pinning Setting a Virtual Machine (VM) to run on a specific host or hosts. This prevents it from running on any other hosts.
• Volume Storage space formatted to hold directories and files. May be virtual or physical.
• Volume group A storage pool across one or more physical volumes.
• VPC Acronym. Stands for Virtual Private Cloud. A virtual, isolated, private cloud hosted on a public cloud.
• VPC Peering A connection between Virtual Private Clouds (VPC). Makes it possible to establish a network between two VPCs.
• VPN A private encrypted network running over a public network, such as the internet.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) A computer network where the connected computers may be far apart.
• Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) An open-source package management utility, originally developed for Yellowdog Linux.